Optimization of Window Positions for Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation Performance

This paper optimizes opening positions on building facades to maximize the natural ventilation’s potential for ventilation and cooling purposes. The paper demonstrates how to apply computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results to architectural design processes, and how the CFD-driven decisions impact ventilation and cooling: (1) background: A CFD helps predict the natural ventilation’s potential, the integration of CFD results into design decision-making has not been actively practiced; (2) methods: Pressure data on building facades were obtained from CFD simulations and mapped into the 3D modeling environment, which were then used to identify optimal positions of two openings of a zone. The effect of the selected opening positions was validated with building energy simulations; (3) results: The cross-comparison study of different window positions based on different geographical locations quantified the impact on natural ventilation effectiveness; and (4) conclusions: The optimized window positions were shown to be effective, and some optimal solutions contradicted the typical cross-ventilation strategy

A Feature-Based Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for Korean

This document describes an on-going project of developing a grammar of Korean, the Korean XTAG grammar, written in the TAG formalism and implemented for use with the XTAG system enriched with a Korean morphological analyzer. The Korean XTAG grammar described in this report is based on the TAG formalism (Joshi et al. (1975)), which has been extended to include lexicalization (Schabes et al. (1988)), and unification-based feature structures (Vijay-Shanker and Joshi (1991)). The document first describes the modifications that we have made to the XTAG system (The XTAG-Group (1998)) to handle rich inflectional morphology in Korean. Then various syntactic phenomena that can be currently handled are described, including adverb modification, relative clauses, complex noun phrases, auxiliary verb constructions, gerunds and adjunct clauses. The work reported here is a first step towards the development of an implemented TAG grammar for Korean, which is continuously updated with the addition of new analyses and modification of old ones

Optimization of Window Positions for Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation Performance

This paper optimizes opening positions on building facades to maximize the natural ventilation’s potential for ventilation and cooling purposes. The paper demonstrates how to apply computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results to architectural design processes, and how the CFD-driven decisions impact ventilation and cooling: (1) background: A CFD helps predict the natural ventilation’s potential, the integration of CFD results into design decision-making has not been actively practiced; (2) methods: Pressure data on building facades were obtained from CFD simulations and mapped into the 3D modeling environment, which were then used to identify optimal positions of two openings of a zone. The effect of the selected opening positions was validated with building energy simulations; (3) results: The cross-comparison study of different window positions based on different geographical locations quantified the impact on natural ventilation effectiveness; and (4) conclusions: The optimized window position was shown to be effective, and some optimal solutions contradicted the typical cross-ventilation strategy

Resilient cooling strategies – A critical review and qualitative assessment

The global effects of climate change will increase the frequency and intensity of extreme events such as heatwaves and power outages, which have consequences for buildings and their cooling systems. Buildings and their cooling systems should be designed and operated to be resilient under such events to protect occupants from potentially dangerous indoor thermal conditions. This study performed a critical review on the state-of-the-art of cooling strategies, with special attention to their performance under heatwaves and power outages. We proposed a definition of resilient cooling and described four criteria for resilience—absorptive capacity, adaptive capacity, restorative capacity, and recovery speed —and used them to qualitatively evaluate the resilience of each strategy. The literature review and qualitative analyses show that to attain resilient cooling, the four resilience criteria should be considered in the design phase of a building or during the planning of retrofits. The building and relevant cooling system characteristics should be considered simultaneously to withstand extreme events. A combination of strategies with different resilience capacities, such as a passive envelope strategy coupled with a low-energy space-cooling solution, may be needed to obtain resilient cooling. Finally, a further direction for a quantitative assessment approach has been pointed out

The Political Aesthetics Of Romance: Romantic Love As An Ideological Apparatus In Konjiki Yasa And MujÔNg

This study explores the texts of Ozaki Koyo's Kongjiki Yasha (1897-1903) and Yi Kwangsu's Mujông (1917) to reveal how the modern idea of "romantic love" was utilized as an ideological apparatus in both Meiji Japan and colonial Korea. In both novels, romantic love is adopted and considered as a way to resist a dominant force, capitalism in Konjiki Yasha and colonialism in the case of Mujông. However, by deploying the logic of their opponents, the authors shaped a concept of romantic love that became complicit with the spread of the dominant ideologies. Investigating the romantic love portrayed in these novels unfolds useful historical facts regarding how the societies in which these novels were written and consumed were structured and operating. Romantic love as a particular mode of feeling or perception can provide a valuable insight in unpacking the larger economic and political structure

Optimization of Window Positions for Wind-Driven Natural Ventilation Performance

This paper optimizes opening positions on building facades to maximize the natural ventilation’s potential for ventilation and cooling purposes. The paper demonstrates how to apply computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results to architectural design processes, and how the CFD-driven decisions impact ventilation and cooling: (1) background: A CFD helps predict the natural ventilation’s potential, the integration of CFD results into design decision-making has not been actively practiced; (2) methods: Pressure data on building facades were obtained from CFD simulations and mapped into the 3D modeling environment, which were then used to identify optimal positions of two openings of a zone. The effect of the selected opening positions was validated with building energy simulations; (3) results: The cross-comparison study of different window positions based on different geographical locations quantified the impact on natural ventilation effectiveness; and (4) conclusions: The optimized window position was shown to be effective, and some optimal solutions contradicted the typical cross-ventilation strategy

Design and analysis of a window-integrated passive system (WIPS) with the use of solar heat gains

As one of the passive building design strategies to decrease ventilation energy consumption, several window-integrated passive systems (WIPS) have been developed and implemented into buildings. This study proposed a new WIPS inspired by a double skin façade (DSF) design that provides pre-heating and ventilation by utilizing solar heat gains collected in the air cavities. The performance of the proposed WIPS was analyzed and developed based on different design parameters such as material, width, height, shape, depth, and opening area, for the wintertime in Seoul, Korea. Furthermore, the computational fluid dynamics model, Fluent 2021 R2 with the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model, was used for the simulation. To focus on the buoyancy effect occurring in the air cavities, the influence of wind was excluded from the CFD modelling and analysis. Therefore, 0 Pa pressure differences between the inlet and outlet of the room were applied. The results showed that the buoyancy effect increased in the WIPS with a wider and higher inflow cavity than a case with narrower and shorter cavity, also utilizing glass material for the cavity surfaces exposed to the outside resulted in absorbing more solar radiation and more buoyancy effect. Moreover, the converged shape cavity increased the volume flow rate of the cavity due to the increased air velocity from the Venturi effect. Overall, all design parameters can impact the performance of WIPS either by hindering or assisting the airflow of the WIPS

Energy performance of a hybrid DSF-inspired solar heating façade for office buildings

Double-skin façade (DSF) is a passive design strategy that enhances building energy performance and improves indoor thermal comfort. In addition, DSF has been proposed as a hybrid façade that uses a cavity to preheat fresh air supplied to an air-handling unit (AHU) to reduce energy consumption for heating. However, to the authors' knowledge, there is no study about the design of DSF tailored for the hybrid system application yet. Therefore, this study focuses on the usability of DSF as a hybrid system and evaluates the performance. First, parametric analysis of the hybrid solar heating façade geometry and thermal properties of glazing and absorber materials was performed to identify the most influencing design parameters. Second, the multivariate linear regression (MLR) model was developed to predict the performance of all parameters comprehensively affecting the hybrid solar heating façade. Finally, the performance of various design alternatives for hybrid solar heating façade that provide the minimum fresh air supply was evaluated through case studies. The analysis results confirmed that the hybrid solar heating façade can reduce the heating energy due to the preheating effect by up to 38%

Investigation of selective autophagy regulation for a new autophagy cargo SCOTIN

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